As a Phrygian and Lydian
goddess, also called Kyviris and Agdistis,
she was identified, in the Greek Mythology,
with the ancient goddess Rea and was also
called Rea-Cybele.
Cybele was the goddess of wild nature, the
Earth’s creative forces and fertility.
Pindarus salutes her as “Cybele, mother of
gods” (Dithyramb extract 80).
One of the most famous myths related to
Cybele was the Attios myth. Attios used to
be one of her favoured persons, who
castrated himself in order to appease the
goddess’s obsessive jealousy. The goddess
buried him with mourns, but later she
brought him back to life.
The main worship place of Cybele was the
town Pessinounta, in Ano Phrygia, near the
Sangarius River. Her name Agdistis comes
from, a sacred rock, on the mount Didymo,
which is called Agdos. On the same mountain,
there was also the goddess’s sacred “cave”,
which is the most ancient one and where
people could find, instead of her effigy, an
untreated worship stone (probably an
aerolith) that was carried to Rome along
with the tomb of her beloved lover, Attios.
Even when the flourishing Phrygia lost its
shine, Cybele kept on being worshipped the
most splendour way. King Midas was the first
who built the goddess’s first temple which
was decorated by the offers of the Pergamus
kings and the Romans. The goddess’s worship
started spreading all over the Greek
colonies of the Asia Minor coastlines
(Ephesus, Smyrna, Miletus, etc.) and main
Greece, where she was identified with the
“mother of humans and gods” and had her own
Temples in Thebes, Athens, Olympia, Phygalia,
etc.
On the contrary, the Romans kept the
goddess’s worship as it was adopted by the
East, by renaming the priest from Kyvidoi to
Galloi. .
“Cybela” was also the name of Phrygia’s
other mountain where the homonym town was
situated. “Cybeleia” was also the ancient
town of Erythraia, in Asia Minor, opposite
Chios, between the mount Mimantos and the
cape Melaina, where Cybele’s worship was
widely spread.